Charles Sanders Peirce

Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914), was a United States philosopher, logician, and scientist. He was the founder of the philosophical movement called pragmatism, which his friend William James developed. Peirce believed that the meaning of any idea is found in its workability, or practical results. Bertrand Russell wrote "Beyond doubt he was one of the most original minds of the later nineteenth century and certainly the greatest American thinker ever". Peirce made contributions in many fields, particularly in the modern development of logic, but received little recognition during his life-time. He published only one book, Photometric Researches (1878), but wrote many essays - on logic, metaphysics, mathematics, astronomy, chemistry, psychology, religion, and other fields.